Analysis of Guy Montag essays

Analysis of Guy Montag essays Life may be confusing to you when your job is to commit arson to any house that has a book in it. At least thats the way it Guy Montag was a fireman and in the future, a firefighters job wasnt to stop fires, but it was actually to start them. In the future, books were known as bad and shameful and if anyone had possession of a book whether it was in their house or in another persons house, then the house was to be burned. Guy was never really sure what was so bad about the books. He never really knew the reason why he would have to burn down a persons house when one had possession. One day the firemen were notified about a woman that had a large supply of books in her house. When Guy went to commit arson at the house, he slipped a book into his coat pocket. Over time, Guy began to receive more and more books. One night, Guy pulled one of the books out from where they were being hidden and began to read some poems in front of his wife and friends. Because the possession of books was a great sin, his wife reported him to the firemen. Guy soon kills 3 fireman, including the chief, and escapes with a professor by the Guy and the professor end up together sharing and discussing their love for books. "Theory hell," said Montag. "Its poetry." (pg. 97) This is actually what changed Guys life. When Guy re-entered the room at his wifes party he had a book in his hands. Mrs. Phelps, one of his wifes friends asked him if he was reading up on fireman theory. He was so frustrated with her because of her expression of false views that night about war, husbands and children that he finally spilled it. He wanted her to understand that books were a good thing and that they could teach you to be more objective towards society and its beliefs. "Do you ever read any of the books you burn?" (pg. 8) Because of this conversation with ...

Plurals of Proper Names

Plurals of Proper Names Plurals of Proper Names Plurals of Proper Names By Mark Nichol The following question may seem to belong in a math lesson, but it really is about English: If you have a BlackBerry handheld device, and you purchase another one (don’t ask me why you’re the one who bought it), what do you have now? Two BlackBerries, or two BlackBerrys? Many precedents exist that make the latter seem the obvious choice. In the world of entertainment, some names of achievement awards are nicknamed with the same plural ending: the Grammys, the Tonys, the Emmys. (â€Å"The Razzies† is an unfortunate exception; on behalf of the Dailys, I nominate the sponsors of those awards for a statuette featuring an ax embedded in a computer monitor). And when referring to other brand names based on, or resembling, common nouns with irregular plural forms, this sensible approach applies: Plurals for the names of the car models Camry and Leaf are not Camries and Leaves, but Camrys and Leafs. Beyond that, however, is the time-honored convention to follow the default setting for pluralizing words in general: adding -s or -es. This is true for the following categories as well: Names of Nations and Nationalities Refer to â€Å"the two Germanys,† for example, or â€Å"the Greeces of the modern and classical eras†). Words for nationalities that end in -i get an -s (Afghanis, Israelis). Note that although The Chicago Manual of Style recommends this style for American Indian tribal names (Hopis), Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary lists both a plural form identical to the singular form for this tribe and others with names ending in vowels (Hopi, Cherokee) and the -s plural form (Hopis, Cherokees). If you’re writing for publication, to be on the safe side, use -s; if you’re self-publishing, it’s up to you. Personal Names Write, for example, â€Å"three Billys in the same classroom.† Surnames are more complicated, however: The default for names ending in consonants and vowels is the same more than one Smith is Smiths, more than one Corleone is Corleones, and so on but names ending in -es or -ez (for example, Jones and Chavez) get an extra -es tacked on: Joneses and Chavezes. Italicized Names An italicized proper noun, like the title of a periodical, book, or movie, should have a nonitalicized s appended, as in â€Å"three consecutive Washington Posts,† â€Å"a stack of Catcher in the Ryes,† and â€Å"all three Mission Impossibles,† though it looks less awkward to relax the reference: â€Å"three consecutive issues of the Washington Post,† â€Å"a stack of copies of Catcher in the Rye,† or â€Å"all three movies in the Mission Impossible franchise.† Exceptions Nicknamed geographical terms defy this convention, as when the Rocky Mountains are referred to as the Rockies and the Great Smoky Mountains are called the Great Smokies. The plural forms of names ending in unpronounced -s or -x are identical to the singular form: â€Å"The era between the third and seventh Louis,† â€Å"The two Lacroix could not have been any different,† though â€Å". . . Louis III and Louis VII† and â€Å"The two Lacroix brothers . . .† would be better. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsFlier vs. FlyerCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Contract Safety Improvements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract Safety Improvements - Essay Example At some point we have been forced to take loans so as not just to maximize on the level of income earned but also, to ensure we do not disappoint our consumers (who are found all over the world) by proving sub-standard services contrary to the high expectations they having. Additional paperwork Unlike in the case of other businesses, it is quite tasking at Exelis due to extra paperwork which is actually brought forth by; proper handling of tax return files, bank account records, auditor’s reports, report creation, detailed books and finally, taking minutes during the frequent meetings. It is important to note that these two challenges are not as severe as the safety challenge facing the company at present. Accidents are becoming a threat to the contracts signed by Exilis. ITT Exelis reported that it had been given a U.S Army contract to go on with maintenance support and providing IT technology operations in the U.S Army in the Middle Eastern countries, specifically SouthWest and Central Asia. The Company signed this contract which had a potential value of $790 million including all options exercised. However, an accident happened while the company equipments were being shipped to the destination. An increase in accidents could possibly cost the company one of its Middle Eastern government contracts One of the latest and most hectic or rather breath-taking challenges I have never encountered since I started working at Exelis is the one pertaining the latest ship accident in the Indian Ocean while transporting electronic warfare. It has been the newspaper cover story for a whole week now. Exelis Incorporated successfully finished producing release systems as well as launchers and was now doing the delivery when the ship sunk. The sinking of the ship has remained a mystery, since for 7 days since the incidence occurred; the cause of the same has not yet been ascertained. The intensity of the worry of Exelis is increasing each passing minute, since the rema ining period of time is too short to make the transportation of the equipments a success, even if the ship was found this minute. This therefore means the contract may be terminated and also, the partnering of Kuwait in the military weaponry production and the electronic attack and supply systems sector, which will perhaps just remain a dream. Kuwait had started showing interest of partnering with Exelis in the industry by serving as vehicle fuel suppliers for Exelis for a very subsidized cost. Alternative solutions to increased accidents in Exelis Inc Increase safety awareness with weekly safety stand downs This is a selected time for the CEO, senior managers, and other executive managers to discuss about safety issues in a direct way with frontline workers. The move can be achieved by setting up goals to be achieved every week to combat the increasing accident reports in the company (LeBoeuf, 1985). For instance, in every first week, the goal may be for managers, supervisors, and crews to spot out hazards associated with the tasks of employees, establish their risks, in this context the risk of losing contracts in the Middle East, and come up with possible solutions. Procedures and methods to complete the work of employees should be identified, and determine the obstacles that may hinder the crews from solution

Business strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business strategy - Case Study Example The perception of exclusivity that is in line with being a tenant of the garage also denotes the high demand for it. In terms of financial returns, given the amount to be used to compute individual unit net common area charge, as stated in Exhibit 4 with a figure of 42,780, the individual unit common area charge amounts to 388.91 (if spread among the 110 spaces), or 32.71 in a month. If the rental price continues to be at 100 per car per month, then the business must be producing profits. Then this is a good investment. Thus, Eliot Conviser should buy the garage. The decision to convert the garage into a garage condominium depends on the preferences of the market, that is, the preferences of the tenants and other prospective tenants. If the market needs a parking space, and they want to own it, then the garage condominium concept is possible. If the market does not want it, what happened with the previous owners failed venture will only repeat in Eliot Convisers. For Eliot Conviser to make a good decision, he must survey the market again as regards the feasibility of the idea. If the markets preference changes, say if parking space within the area has been scarcer than ever before, and ownership would definitely be a great substitute to renting the space, then the project can pursue. With the sentiment of the market to back up the idea of ownership of parking space, then the garage condominium concept would prove to be successful. However, as there is no evidence to any of these as stated in the case, it cannot be assumed that market sentiments and preferences have already changed to support the idea of garage condominium. With this, Eliot Convisers decision should be not to go ahead with the garage condominium. He, however has another option in order to make the business profitable. If he cannot sell the condominiums because the market

The Psychoanalytic Strategy Essay Example for Free

The Psychoanalytic Strategy Essay Introduction: The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective personality test that was designed at Harvard in the 1930s by Christiana D. Morgan and Henry A. Murray. Along with the MMPI and the Rorschach, the TAT is one of the most widely used psychological tests. The original purpose of the TAT was to reveal the underlying dynamics of the subjects personality, such as internal conflicts, dominant drives and interests, motives, etc.   (Encyclopedia, 2006) The TAT works on the principle that a subjects unconscious can be tapped to reveal repressed aspects of personality, motives and needs for achievement, power and intimacy, and problem-solving abilities. The TAT is a projective test in that, like the Rorschach test, its assessment of the subject is based on what he or she projects onto the ambiguous images. Each story created by a subject is carefully analyzed to uncover underlying needs, attitudes, and patterns of reaction. Description: The TAT uses a series of 31 provocative yet ambiguous pictures that depict a variety of social and interpersonal situations (Encyclopedia, 2006). The subject is asked to tell a story about each picture to the examiner. Of the 31 pictures, 10 are gender-specific while 21 others can be used with adults of either sex and with children. As of 2001, the TAT is distributed by Harcourt Brace Educational Measurement.The 31 cards are meant to be divided into two series of ten pictures each, with the pictures of the second series being purposely more unusual, dramatic, and bizarre than those of the first. Suggested administration involves one full hour being devoted to a series, with the two sessions being separated by a day or more. There are several formal scoring systems that have been developed for analyzing TAT stories. Two common methods that are currently used in research are the Defense Mechanisms Manual (Cramer, 1991) and Social Cognition and Object Relations (Westen, 1991)scale. The examiner shows the subject a series of story cards taken from the full set of 31 TAT cards. The usual number of cards shown to the subject is between 10 and 14, although Murray recommended the use of 20 cards, administered in two separate one-hour sessions with the subject. The subject is then instructed to tell a story about the picture on each card, with specific instructions to include a description of the event in the picture, the developments that led up to the event, the thoughts and feelings of the people in the picture, and the outcome of the story. The examiner keeps the cards in a pile face down in front of him or her, gives them to the subject one at a time, and asks the subject to place each card face down as its story is completed. Administration of the TAT usually takes about an hour. TAT is often a part of personality evaluation tests. It is considered to be effective in eliciting information about a persons view of the world and his or her attitudes toward the self and others. As people taking the TAT proceed through the various story cards and tell stories about the pictures, they reveal their expectations of relationships with peers, parents or other authority figures, subordinates, and possible romantic partners (Encyclopedia, 2006). In addition to assessing the content of the stories that the subject is telling, the examiner evaluates the subjects manner, vocal tone, posture, hesitations, and other signs of an emotional response to a particular story picture. Several adaptations of the TAT were developed for research with specific populations. In the Thompson-TAT or T-TAT (Thompson, 1949), a version for black examinees, the adaptation consisted of little more than the darkening of the characters’ skin (Bailey Green, 1977). In the adaptation for handicapped examinees (cited in Zubin et al., 1965), crutches were simply added to some of the figures. In the versions developed for cross-cultural research culture-specific portrayals of the themes have been used in the TAT cards. Evaluation using TAT: Experts in the use of the TAT recommend obtaining a personal and medical history from the subject before giving the TAT, in order to have some context for evaluating what might otherwise appear to be abnormal or unusual responses. For example, frequent references to death or grief in the stories would not be particularly surprising from a subject who had recently been bereaved. In addition, it has been opined that the TAT is most effective when combined with other interviews and tests. Students in medicine, psychology, or other fields who are learning to administer and interpret the TAT are advised to be conservative in their interpretations, and to err on the side of health rather than of psychopathology when evaluating a subjects responses. In addition, the 1992 Code of Ethics of the American Psychological Association requires examiners to be knowledgeable about cultural and social differences, and to be responsible in interpreting test results with regard to these differences. Moreover, in interpreting responses to the TAT, examiners typically focus their attention on one of three areas: the content of the stories that the subject tells; the feeling or tone of the stories; or the subjects behaviors apart from responses. While the story content usually reveals the subjects attitudes, fantasies, wishes, inner conflicts, and view of the outside world, the story structure typically reflects the subjects feelings, assumptions about the world, and an underlying attitude of optimism or pessimism. Thematic apperception tests published recently have more structured and modern stimulus material and some carry parallel versions for ethnic minorities. These newer instruments have a more â€Å"actuarial† approach, that is, response scoring is based on a specific system involving numerical scores, and validation is grounded on statistical procedures (Masling, 1997). The psychometric validation of thematic apperception tests such as the CAST, the RATC, and the TEMAS mark a shift from a clinical to a psychometr ­ic approach in the development of thematic apperception tests (Masling, 1997). Limitations: The TAT has been called â€Å"a clinician’s delight and a statistician’s nightmare,† in part because its administration is usually not standardized. Since the TAT is used primarily for personality assessment rather than diagnosis of mental disorders, it does not yield a score in the usual sense. A normative scoring system for responses is absent in TAT. The original scoring system devised in 1943 by Henry Murray, is time-consuming and unwieldy. Other scoring systems have since been introduced that focus on one or two specific variables—for example, hostility or depression. While these systems are more practical for clinical use, they lack comprehensiveness. No single system presently used for scoring the TAT has achieved widespread acceptance. The basic drawback of any scoring system in evaluating responses to the TAT story cards is that information that is not relevant to that particular system is simply lost. The three writers, Scott O. Lilienfeld, James M. Wood and Howard N. Garb, have found that tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) and the Draw-a-Person Test are frequently ineffective in identifying most psychiatric conditions due to a lack of standards in administration, scoring and subjective interpretation. A recent subject of controversy in TAT interpretation concerns the use of computers to evaluate responses. Computers have two basic limitations for use with the TAT: the first is that they cannot observe and record the subjects vocal tone, eye contact, and other aspects of behavior that a human examiner can note. Second, computers are not adequate for the interpretation of unusual subject profiles. American psychologists practicing in juvenile and family courts discovered that only 3 percent relied on a standardized TAT scoring system (Lilienfeld et al, 2001). Unfortunately, some evidence suggests that clinicians who interpret the TAT in an intuitive way are likely to over diagnose psychological disturbance. Uses of TAT: The TAT is often used in individual assessments of candidates for employment in fields such as law enforcement, military leadership positions, religious ministry, education, diplomatic service, etc. TAT is often administered to individuals who have already received a diagnosis in order to match them with the type of psychotherapy best suited to their personalities, or in some cases to help the therapist understand why the treatment seems to be stalled or blocked (Murray). The extensive research on achievement motivation by McClelland and his colleagues (e.g., McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, Lowell, 1953) gave the TAT widespread fame. It is sometimes used for forensic purposes in evaluating the motivations and general attitudes of persons accused of violent crimes (Lara-Kroon, 2007). The TAT is currently used as a tool for research around areas of psychology such as dreams, fantasies, mate selection and what motivates people to choose their occupation. The TAT can be used to help people understand their own personality in greater depth and build on that knowledge in making important life decisions. Criticism: The TAT is criticized as false or outdated by many psychologists mainly because of declining adherence to the Freudian principle of repression on which the test is based. They hold that TAT is unscientific because it cannot be proved to be valid or reliable. The TAT has been criticized for its lack of a standardized method of administration as well as the lack of standard norms for interpretation. Studies of the interactions between examiners and test subjects have found that the race, sex, and social class of both participants influence both the stories that are told and the way the stories are interpreted by the examiner. In addition, the 31 standard pictures have been criticized for being too gloomy or depressing, and therefore limiting the range of personality characteristics that the test can assess. The TAT cannot be administered to groups. Conclusion: Thus we find that Tat continues to remain a popular psychological evaluation tool. It has evolved over time to overcome certain drawbacks. Bibliography: Scott O. Lilienfeld, James M. Wood and Howard N. Garb (2001). Whats Wrong with this picture? Scientific American. May 2001. Lara-Kroon, Nicky Cohen de (2007). The history of projective testing (emphasizing the thematic apperception test). http://www.cohendelara.com/publicaties/history.htm Zubin, J., Eron, L. D., Schumer, F. (1965). An experimental approach to projective techniques. London: Wiley. Thompson, C. E. (1949). The Thompson Modification of the Thematic Apperception Test. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Bailey, B. E., Green, J. (1977). Black Thematic Apperception Test stimulus material. Journal of Personalit y Assessment, 41, 25-30. McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., Lowell, E. L. (1953). The achievement motive. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2006). Thematic Apperception Test. http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Thematic-Apperception-Test.html Murray A. Henry. Uses of the Thematic Apperception Test. http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/107/7/498

Celebrities and Gossip Essay -- Media Tabloids Journalism Essays

Celebrities and Gossip Have you seen the pictures of Madonna and her baby yet? Have you ever surfed the web and stumbled onto a site about celebrities? Probably so. There are thousands of sites on the web about celebrities; their official web sites, pictorials and biographical information. You can’t even go into a supermarket without being bombarded by tabloids.You can’t listen to the radio in the car. TV shows and whole networks rely on entertainment and celebrities in the news. VH1, MTV and E! are excellent examples of this. Many people make their living off celebrities and their personal lives. But why does this need to be explored? Producers and journalists say they are only making and reporting on what the people want. The general public say they only watch and read this â€Å"news† because it is so readily available. Lets face it, it would be easier to find matches for â€Å"Madonna and her baby â€Å" on the web than it would be to find â€Å"biological engineering†. First, lets define the â€Å"news† which we will be exploring. Sensationalism is defined by Webster’s Dictionary as â€Å"subject matter that is calculated to excite and please vulgar tastes. Also, as the journalistic use of subject matter that appears to vulgar tastes. This can be applied to a variety of news-gathering media. Print: be it newspapers, tabloids, or magazines, audio and visual: be it TV specials, daily and weekly shows, or through the radio with shows such as Howard Stern, or even electronic: through the World Wide Web, can all involve â€Å"the journalistic use of vulgar subject matter†. It is nearly impossible to avoid â€Å"journalistic sensationalism†. But lets focus on a more specific facet of sensationalism. Where do the children of celebrities stand in this issue... ... an anchor for WMAQ, NBC’s news affiliate in Chicago. Marin recently resigned her post after questioning the station’s approach to news coverage. WMAQ took a step toward sensationalism and away from news when it hired tabloid talk show host Jerry Springer to give a nightly commentary on the local news program. Sensational news has no place in today’s media. Her actions are both honorable and understandable. If all journalistics held their values higher and took common decency into account when reporting, then sensational news could be drastically cut back. We as journalists must stand up for what we believe in. The news needs to reamin just that--news. George Clooney said at a press conference supermarket tabloids and television shows have made â€Å"bounty hunters† out of the photographers. He challenged editors to clean up their act or have others do it for them.

Issues in International Economics Essay

Introduction. Correct choice and application of marketing strategies can be regarded as one of the main keys to the success of the company. However, this task becomes particularly challenging nowadays, when the markets are characterized by severe volatility and companies are forced to function in a rapidly changing environment. As the centres of power and influence shift from one parts of the world to others, it is very important for the management of multinational corporations to expand their activities accordingly and ensure their presence in the new territories which offer the best business opportunities. Top European and American corporations have noticed long ago that home markets did not give them sufficient opportunities for growth, and started expanding to those countries which offered them possibilities to obtain large revenues in future. UK’s top supermarket Tesco regards international expansion as one of key determinants of its success in the world market. In this investigation it is expected to provide recommendations for the development of Tesco’s international strategy. The paper seeks to address this question by hypothesizing that China needs to become the key international destination for Tesco and the company’s current state enables it to get well-positioned in China’s retailing market in the following years. Primary attention is devoted to the determination of marketing mix components for Tesco in the new market and development of efficient methods of further marketing research. Characteristics of Tesco’s International Strategy. Tesco is one of the largest players among supermarket retailers in the UK. The range of services which the supermarket offers is literally unlimited. Tesco offers both food and non-food products, according clothing, electric appliances, entertainment goods and many other items. The managers of the store are sure that the large variety of products offered to the customers ensures the increasing profitability of the company. Tesco operates both in the international and in the home market. Tesco has expanded in twelve countries, including Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Thailand, Malaysia and others. Even though its share in relatively small in the international market, it has been growing during the last years. Tesco’s major competitors in the world market are Wal-Mart, Target, Carrefour and others. One of the major current competitors which Tesco has in the domestic market is Sainsbury because it is ranked second by the market share in the UK. Due to the efficient allocation of resources, Tesco has won the battle for the market share. â€Å"TESCO has won the store wars, toppling Sainsbury’s from the number one spot after 10 years. The supermarket rang up pounds 13. 8 billion last year putting it pounds 400 million ahead of Sainsbury’s. † (Kevan 1998: 2). The reason of this victory can be found in efficient pricing and consumer-oriented strategy applied by the company. Tesco managers combined high quality of products which attracts customers with relevant prices, and this increased the sales. Besides, innovation schemes have been applied by Tesco managers. Another reason of Tesco growing profitability is the quality of its human resources. The strategy of Tesco recruitment consists in employing people with great skills and high potential and providing very favourable working conditions for them. One of the recent innovations applied by the management include profit-share schemes which enable employees to participate in the profits of the company. â€Å"The company’s profit-share scheme, which is now the biggest of any private- sector UK company, is expected to pay out more than pounds 40 million in bonuses. The 106,000 staff included in the scheme will receive an extra four per cent on top of their pay. † (Shillingford 1999, p. 46). In order to attract more customers, managers of Tesco constantly consider the variety of products offered and new markets in which the company could start offering its products. They constantly check for new products which can be needed by customers. Tesco has got involved in the e-commerce business due to its increasing importance in the world. Overall, Tesco’s advantage in comparison with ASDA and Sainsbury can be summarized in the following way, according to Tesco’s deputy chairman: â€Å"If you wander around different stores, you might well be puzzled as to why one has higher revenues than another. The answer, I believe, depends to a large extent on how you deal with customers, which in turn depends on how you deal with your own staff. † (Child 2002: 137). Conclusion. Tesco currently occupies a highly competitive position in the world retailing market. Due to its well-balanced international strategy, the company has already expanded in many countries in Europe and Asia and increased the shareholders’ value as the result of these expansions. Tesco is growing faster than its competitors and thus needs to keep expand its activities internationally to obtain a larger share of the world market. Tesco has the highest growth potential in the industry of supermarket retailing, even in comparison with retailing giants which are much larger than Tesco by size. China gives Tesco a great opportunity for worldwide expansion because the number of consumers will be constantly growing in this country. Even though competition is currently large in Chinese market and represented by both local and international companies, Tesco is able to establish a firm position in this market by applying all of the tools which made it so successful in the domestic market and put at the top of the industry. Tesco has already expanded into many countries and it could search domination in such markets as, for example, Poland, Thailand, or South Korea. However, the growth potential of China is much larger than of the mentioned countries. By providing extensive investments into China and starting to conquer Chinese market, Tesco will be capable to ensure that its potential for growth in the following years will be fully realized. Bibliography. 1. Child Peter N. (2002), Taking Tesco Global: David Reid, Deputy Chairman of the United Kingdom’s Largest Grocer, Explains the Company’s International Strategy, The McKinsey Quarterly. Issue: 3. 2. Drucker, P. , (2001), Innovation and entrepreneurship, Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann. 3. Fifield, P. , (1998), Marketing Strategy, Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann. 4. Kevan Reilly (1998), NO 1 TESCO PROVES SMALL IS BIGGEST; High Street Strategy Topples Arch Rival Sainsbury’s, The Mirror, May 5, 1998. 5. Senior, B., (1997). Organisational change, London, Pitman Publishing. 6. Shaw Stephen M. , Woetzel Jonathan R. (1992). A Fresh Look at China. The McKinsey Quarterly. Issue: 3. 7. Shillingford Joia (1999), TESCO STAFF CASH IN WITH Pounds 40m BONUSES, Sunday Mirror, April 11, 1999. 8. Britain’s biggest supermarket Tesco enters China’s mainland. Available at source: english. people. com. cn/200407/14/eng20040714_149590. html). 9. Tesco Ready to Wrestle in China. Available from source: http://www. english. people. com. cn/200403/16/eng20040316 ).

Eliminating Prejudice and Discrimination Inside the Classroom Essay

The rich and colorful diversity of today’s society is very evident to many classrooms in most parts of the world. It is indeed that mere educating of the children is no longer enough nowadays as such the educational setting is even more revolutionized. Since the students of this generation are exemplified with different learning styles and habits, level of intelligence, cultural orientation and socio-economic background, there must be high observance on the implementation of multicultural education in every classroom of the world. The schools and learning environments must work for all the aspects and must consider the diverse cultures of the communities they serve. Nevertheless, the observance of multicultural education to some countries remains a dilemma for many administrators and teachers as well as on the part of the students. The administrators and teachers encounter problems on the integration of the curriculum and other activities in order to suffice the various needs of the different orientation of the students. The students, on the other hand, suffer dilemma on the equal treatment of the teacher and other students in terms of the curriculum and relationship among them which commonly leads to great prejudice and discrimination inside the classroom. One of the great challenges of today’s classroom in terms of this multicultural education approach is the inclusive education for the special students in the community. Many educators find difficulties on the inclusion of the special students together with the normal students since it is presumed that they have a significant difference in terms of learning styles and habits, level of intelligence and skills, and many others. Hence, it is very essential for the different educational institutions to have an in-depth understanding on the importance of multicultural approach in education as well as the inclusive education for the special students. This paper tries to provide a thorough discussion of the paradigm of multicultural education, the inclusive education for special students and the strategies for the administrators and teacher to successfully observe and maintain multicultural education for the special students. Pros and Cons of Multicultural Education Over the past three decades, multicultural education has been recognized as one of the avenues for educational reform (Ramsey, et. al. 2003). Multicultural education is defined as an educational reform movement which incorporates the idea that all students, regardless of gender, social class, and ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics, should have an equal opportunity to acquire education in school (Banks & Banks 2009). It is through the concept of equal opportunities that learners find social democracy and fairness inside the classroom. Multicultural education is considered to be very advantageous since it provides various opportunities not only for the teachers and administrators but also for the learners (Mitchell & Salsbury 1996). One of the advantages of observing multicultural education in the classroom is the elimination of racism and sexism among the students. Through teaching the culturally different approach, there will be an attempt to raise the academic achievement of the students of color through culturally relevant instruction (Sleeter 1996). It should be noted always that eventhough students have differences, there should be equal opportunities inside the classroom as such education is a right of everyone. The aim of the schools should be to encourage the full development of the students regardless of the diverse racial, ethnic and gender groups of the students (Banks 1997). Educators, hence, must eliminate all structures of education that impede learning of the ethnic minorities and women. There should be equal opportunities between the man and woman or between the rich and poor so that there would be a sense of multi-culturally responsive classroom approach in the schools. This is thus the reason why all countries must observe equal opportunities to all students regardless of gender and cultural orientation. For instance, the students whether boys or girls are given the opportunity to participate in all the activities of the classroom such as recitation, discussion, project making and the like. Multicultural education approach, moreover, promotes the idea of democracy in a pluralistic society. It is through this approach of education, students learn to value cultural knowledge and differences (Sleeter 1996). This is a good value that the students might learn with the multicultural approach. As they understand the diversity of the educational setting, they are implicitly learning also the sense of democracy and fairness within themselves which will be very helpful to the students when they are ready to face the realities of the society. The teacher should encourage multicultural approach in the school since it does not only teach the students to respect each other but it also allows them to have better understanding on the concept of democracy and fairness which are considered to be good virtues. Nevertheless, the practice of multicultural education is not that easy because there are a lot of considerations which need to be taken. In the multicultural classroom, there must be a culturally responsive curriculum to suffice the needs of the different students. The teacher should prepare a lesson which will consider the subject matter as well as the diverse culture of the students. For instance, the teacher may present a view of mathematical thinking that incorporates the ways in which culture and mathematics are related and intertwined (Nielson 1991). In sciences, the study of environments can be done from the perspectives of the diversity of cultural understanding. Eventhough this would mean additional and laborious tasks on the part of the teachers, it is better as compared to mono-cultural approach as such there will be a high manifestation of learning not only in the subject matter but also in the culture of their respective orientations. While the students are learning the subject matter that they need to accomplish, they are likewise acquiring a sense of the understanding the different cultures that the different students posses in their classroom. In this sense, the teacher avoids discrimination with respect to the cultural orientation of the students. In the teaching and learning process of the multicultural approach, likewise, there is a need for various teaching strategies to cater the various learning needs of the different learners inside the classroom. In this case, the teachers must consider that students are confined with the multiple intelligences and each type needs different teaching maxims (Armstrong 2000). When teaching a particular subject, the teacher must not only use devices which are intended for the visual learners but also to the other types of learners such as auditory, tactile, and the like. For instance, the teacher may provide visual aid for the visual learners, recordings and sounds for the auditory and practical application for the tactile type of learners. Through this, there would be less discrimination in the different types of learners. The students find no discrimination as such all of them are being addressed with their different learning needs. Along with the diversity of the curriculum and the teaching strategies to suffice the needs of the diverse culturally responsive learners are the diverse culturally oriented stakeholders of the education. The change in the school setting from mono-cultural to multicultural approach should be a hand in hand effort of all the stakeholders of the education which include, aside from the students, teachers, administrators, parents, community leaders and government. The teachers should be the ones to observe multicultural approach of education inside the school through observance of the anti-discrimination acts not only in the school but as well as in the whole community. However, the teacher cannot alone do all the tasks to maintain fairness and justice inside the school. The other stakeholders of education should also take their parts in maintaining an education with an environment free from prejudice, racism and discrimination. Education of today’s generation should incorporate multitude of voices in multicultural society so that there would be effective observance of multiculturalism (Banks 1997). This means that education should be treated as a thing tantamount to equality and fairness. And the country successfully achieved this goal through the collaborative efforts of the teachers, administrators and the other stakeholders of education in the community. Multicultural education is considered to be very advantageous to the educational system of the country since it provides and promotes an educational reform which is beneficial to every stakeholder of education. But nonetheless, observance to this educational reform is not an easy task. The main problem, perhaps, that a teacher may encounter in observing and maintaining multicultural approach to education is the curriculum as well as the teaching strategies for this kind of classroom set up. To maintain multicultural education requires different curriculum to suffice the needs of both normal and special students. The same holds true with the teaching strategies that will be sued in order to execute the lesson everyday. Careful planning of the teaching methodologies and strategies for each lesson is a prerequisite for the successful observance of multicultural education. Likewise, it is very difficult for the teacher to carry out multicultural education approach inside the classroom especially if the students are unresponsive. In order to successfully incorporate multicultural approach in the classroom, the students should have also participation during the class or session. And also, not only the students but the administrators are also needed to take their part in the reformation of the educational set up. This entails that the success of the multicultural education lies on the collaborative effort of the students, teacher, administrators and the community. However, though it requires too much persistence and hard work not only on the part of the teachers but as well as on the part of the students, administrators, community leaders and government, multicultural education is a great revolution in the country as such it will not only develop and enhance the educational setting itself but it will also enlighten the perception of the world to justice, fairness and equality. The Need for An Inclusive Multicultural Classroom for the Disabled Students Aside from a classroom with diverse gender, socio-economic standing, socio-cultural orientation and religion, multicultural approach in education is very much needed specifically in the classrooms with special and disabled students. It has been found out that special students like the disabled ones find a great dilemma inside a classroom that does not observe multicultural approach over years. The problem is believed to be a result of the lack of equality and fairness among the disabled students. In most universities and colleges, special students find â€Å"academic fatigue† due to their inability to adapt to the academic requirements that the educational institutions are requiring them as well as the pressure that the environment brings them as disabled ones (Barnes 2007). In this case, the disabled students find dilemma in their respective educational institution because they are not given equal opportunities inside the classroom. The teachers and administrators do not consider the various aspects of the students such as their socio-cultural orientations, social classes, levels of cognition, and many others. In order to resolve this problem, there must be a total reformation in every classroom of the country. Teachers and administrators should practice multicultural approach in an inclusive education for the disabled students. Hence, an inclusive education that observes multicultural education must be strictly observed in order to solve the said problem and revolutionize the old concept of education for the betterment of the disabled students. Inclusive education is built on the premise that all students should be valued for their unique abilities and included as essential members of a school community (Causton-Theoharis & Theoharis 2008). Inclusion, in addition, is considered to be an active process which entails an unabashed announcement that leads to a public and political declaration and celebration of difference. Inclusion requires continuous proactive response in order to maintain inclusive educational culture. This educational idea is typically found in multicultural urban schools where cultural and linguistics barriers serves as a daily challenge inside the classroom (Corbett 2001). Through the inclusive education that permits multicultural education for the disabled ones, students will not suffer from the burden of â€Å"academic fatigue† brought about by the negligence to the different and unique abilities of the disabled students compared to the normal students. To be able to successfully carry out inclusive multicultural education inside the classroom, power and voice are particularly important aspects in this educational reformation (Slee 2008). The relationships between the disabled, the typical students and the professionals in the educational institution are considered to be central considerations to the development of multicultural education. There should be a hand on hand cooperation between these elements so that the educational reformation will become smooth-sailing. Hence, it is very difficult to observe and maintain multicultural education approach in the classroom since there are a lot of considerations that need proper and careful attention. Nonetheless, multicultural education would be very beneficial to all stakeholders of education when successfully carried out. Among the advantages that an inclusive multicultural education brings to a classroom is the sense of belongingness of the disabled students which is considered to be a basic need for each person. Disabled children begin with the commonalities they have with the other children and typically show the urge that they can and they want to belong in different ways. One of which is their desire to become part and to belong in the school context. They really want to have the same opportunities and experiences just like the non-disabled peers. In this context, it would very be helpful if the students with disabilities are mingled and mixed with other pupils whom they feel they have more in common since through them they find comfort and belongingness. Through the interaction of the disabled students with the normal ones, they will definitely experience the sense of belongingness and peer support which are very essential for developing social skills and self-esteem. It is indeed beneficial on the part of the students since the sense of belongingness is one of the important aspects under Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Pride, et. al. 2009). If this need is satisfied properly, there would be greater chance for the students to learn and explore more about their talents and skills. Sociological researches and surveys, however, have shown that education nowadays is much more likely to confirm existing inequality and discrimination than to help in eliminating and eradicating them (Larskaia-Smirnova & Loshakova 2004). It is found out that the ability of the handicapped children to obtain a good and quality education is intervened by various structural limitations linked to social inequality. Teachers in most schools pay more attention to the best and most capable students while the handicapped ones are placed on the bottom of the school hierarchy. Disabled students are frequently ignored and the focus of attention is given to the more capable students. This results to unintentional discrimination within the context of the school system. And this practice is indeed very disadvantageous to the part of the disabled students. Limitations of the Multicultural Education for Special Students Some criticized that the success of the multicultural education among the disabled students does not materialize because of the limitations from the teachers. Some teachers do not perceive special education as a means in order to help the students with disabilities. In some cases, the teachers are the ones who serve as the source of prejudice and discrimination inside the classroom. If a teacher, for instance, responds to a disabled student in a manner that the said student will be perceived as different from the typical ones, the other students would also perceive them as different among the others. In this manner, the disabled students are unintentionally discriminated by the teacher and the students inside the classroom. Because of the modeling seen by the students from the teacher, the typical students might used to discriminate the disabled ones and think that the disabled students are really different from them. This would lead the students to the sense of inequality, discrimination and prejudice among themselves. In this case, the teacher serves as a model to the students. The typical students learn their behavior through observation and imitation of peers as well as through reference to authority figures. This is called social referencing theory which suggests that an individual gains information about social setting from a familiar or trusted person (De Schauwer 2009). The teachers, nevertheless, should be the ones to promote equality inside the classroom in order to make multicultural education successful. Since they are the most authoritative figures inside the classroom, the teachers should serve as an example to the students so that the latter will develop sense of equality among themselves. To be able to contribute to the success of the multicultural education, the teacher should have the in-depth understanding of the paradigm of multicultural education. This would eliminate the chance of unintentional discrimination inside the classroom. Studies revealed that teachers with special education coursework and teachers who had received training in special education had more positive attitudes towards inclusive multicultural education as compared to the teachers who lacked in-service training in special education (Drowning, et. al. 2007).

Free Essays on The Golf Links

Child’s Play? In Sarah N. Cleghorn’s poem â€Å"The Golf Links† the speaker is Cleghorn. She is making an observation about the way her society works. She is showing the reader the way the young children must work in factories, while the factory owners or big business men get to play. By using phrases that invoke images Cleghorn opens the eyes of her readers and the world around her. Even through the poem is only four lines long it is filled with images that make a huge impact on the reader. Every line of the poem summons an image in the mind of the reader. The first line â€Å"The golf links lie so near the mill† shows the reader that the golf course, or the play ground of grown men, is right next to the factories where the children work. The next line â€Å"That almost every day† allows the reader to see that every day, six or seven days a week, the children are in the factory working their days away. The third line â€Å"The laboring children can look out† brings to mind a group of little children looking out the barred window at the green golf course the men play at. They can look out, but not enjoy the clean air and the pleasures of a sunny afternoon. And the last line of the poem really makes the image of this cruelty come alive for the reader. â€Å"And see the men at play.† The grown men are outside enjoying the day and their lives as small children, who should be out enjoying their youth, are stuck in the factories making the playing men rich. But it is no sweat off the men’s back because they are not the ones up in the factories risking their lives doing the dangerous work. It is the children. Although Cleghorn’s poem only has four lines, the phrases she uses allows the reader to see the picture she wants them to see. Through her use of phrases that form images, Cleghorn makes the reader see how wrong it is to have children doing adult work. She successfully opens the eyes of society to the wrongs of child labor.... Free Essays on The Golf Links Free Essays on The Golf Links Child’s Play? In Sarah N. Cleghorn’s poem â€Å"The Golf Links† the speaker is Cleghorn. She is making an observation about the way her society works. She is showing the reader the way the young children must work in factories, while the factory owners or big business men get to play. By using phrases that invoke images Cleghorn opens the eyes of her readers and the world around her. Even through the poem is only four lines long it is filled with images that make a huge impact on the reader. Every line of the poem summons an image in the mind of the reader. The first line â€Å"The golf links lie so near the mill† shows the reader that the golf course, or the play ground of grown men, is right next to the factories where the children work. The next line â€Å"That almost every day† allows the reader to see that every day, six or seven days a week, the children are in the factory working their days away. The third line â€Å"The laboring children can look out† brings to mind a group of little children looking out the barred window at the green golf course the men play at. They can look out, but not enjoy the clean air and the pleasures of a sunny afternoon. And the last line of the poem really makes the image of this cruelty come alive for the reader. â€Å"And see the men at play.† The grown men are outside enjoying the day and their lives as small children, who should be out enjoying their youth, are stuck in the factories making the playing men rich. But it is no sweat off the men’s back because they are not the ones up in the factories risking their lives doing the dangerous work. It is the children. Although Cleghorn’s poem only has four lines, the phrases she uses allows the reader to see the picture she wants them to see. Through her use of phrases that form images, Cleghorn makes the reader see how wrong it is to have children doing adult work. She successfully opens the eyes of society to the wrongs of child labor....

Discover the Mysterious Shakespeare Lost Years

Discover the Mysterious Shakespeare Lost Years What are the Shakespeare lost years? Well, scholars have managed to piece together Shakespeare’s biography from the scant documentary evidence that has survived from Shakespeare’s time. Baptisms, marriages, and legal dealings provide concrete evidence about Shakespeare’s whereabouts- but there are two big gaps in the story which have become known as the Shakespeare lost years. The Lost Years The two periods of time that make up the Shakespeare lost years are: 1578–1582: We know little about Shakespeare’s life after he left grammar school and his marriage to Anne Hathaway in 1582.1585-1592: After the baptism of his children, Shakespeare again disappears from the history books for several years until he resurfaces in the early 1590s as a London-based playwright. It is this second â€Å"bout of absence† that intrigues historians the most because it is during this period that Shakespeare would have perfected his craft, established himself as a dramatist and gained experience of the theater. In truth, nobody actually knows what Shakespeare was doing between 1585 and 1592, but there are a number of popular theories and stories, as outlined below. Shakespeare the Poacher In 1616, a clergyman from Gloucester recounted a story in which the young Shakespeare was caught poaching near Stratford-upon-Avon on the land of Sir Thomas Lucy. Although there is no concrete evidence, it is suggested that Shakespeare fled to London to escape Lucy’s punishment. It is also suggested that Shakespeare later based Justice Shallow from The Merry Wives of Windsor on Lucy. Shakespeare the Pilgrim Evidence has recently been presented that Shakespeare may have made a pilgrimage to Rome as part of his Roman Catholic faith. There is certainly lots of evidence to suggest that Shakespeare was Catholic- which was a very dangerous religion to practice in Elizabethan England. A 16th-century guest book signed by pilgrims to Rome reveals three cryptic signatures thought to be Shakespeare’s. This has led some to believe Shakespeare spent his lost years in Italy- perhaps seeking refuge from England’s persecution of Catholics at the time. Indeed, it is true that 14 of Shakespeare’s plays have Italian settings. The parchment was signed by: â€Å"Gulielmus Clerkue Stratfordiensis† in 1589Believed to mean â€Å"William, clerk of Stratford†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shfordus Cestriensis† in 1587Believed to mean â€Å"Shakespeare of Stratford in the diocese of Chester†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Arthurus Stratfordus Wigomniensis† in 1585Believed to mean: â€Å"(King) Arthurs compatriot from Stratford in the diocese of Worcester†

Architect And Engineer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Architect And Engineer - Term Paper Example Leonardo da Vinci bore the official title of Ingegnere Generale. His notebooks reveal that some Renaissance engineers began to ask systematically what works and why. (â€Å"History of engineering†). An architect is an individual who designs a structure whereas an engineer is an individual who designs as well as constructs a structure. Although both the architect and engineer design a structure, yet their designs are entirely different for the same structure. While designing a structure, an architect takes into consideration such factors as space utilization, geometry, integration, matching and contrast and orientation of the structure whereas an engineer takes care of the composition of elements, selection of materials of construction, choice of the steel ratio and the water/cement (w/c) ratio, and the strength of materials. In addition to that, the engineer also constructs the structure. Construction involves planning, scheduling, executing and supervising the project. An arc hitect and an engineer differ in their job responsibilities. An architect is responsible to decide the look of the structure whereas an engineer actually brings that look from the architect’s imagination to the ground in the form of the structure. Thus, architects are basically designers and engineers are basically constructors, though they also design the structure. â€Å""Engineering is the application of mathematics and science to create something of value from natural resources."† (Abrol). In order to be an architect, one needs to graduate in architecture whereas to be an engineer, a Bachelor’s degree of engineering is required. Both are licensed and registered by their respective councils. An architect may specialize in such fields as space management, vertical construction or horizontal construction whereas an engineer specializes in the fields of management, structures, geology and transportation etc. Sir Marc Isambard Brunel was a famous French engineer. Brunel was born on 25 April 1769 and lived up to 12 December 1849 (â€Å"Marc Brunel†). Brunel was born in France and later settled in UK. Brunel became the chief engineer of NY in 1793. He is particularly known for devising the technique of manufacturing the rigging blocks for navy. The Thames foot tunnel is one of Brunel’s biggest achievements. It was originally constructed for the horsedrawn traffic, though pedestrians used it first because of bankruptcy. Currently, it carries the â€Å"East London Line of the London Underground† (â€Å"Marc Brunel†). Brunel used the tunneling shield for making this tunnel. This shield was a mobile framework meant to protect the laborers from the collapses while they worked on the water-bearing ground. Engineer Marc Brunel (â€Å"Marc Brunel†). A very famous railway engineer in UK in the Victorian age was Sir Thomas Bouch. Bouch was born on 25 February 1822 and lived up to 30 October 1880. Bouch has invented â €Å"the caisson and the train ferry (roll-on roll-off)† (â€Å"Thomas Bouch†). Bouch was the designer of the first Tay Rail Bridge. To appreciate his endeavors, Queen Victoria traveled over the Tay Rail Bridge upon its official opening. She also awarded Bouch a knighthood. Engineer Thomas Bouch (â€Å"Thomas Bouch†). In order to reduce the cost, the railway company had compromised upon the safety and